Articles

FACT:  By late 1862, early 1863 Union and Confederate medical services went to great lengths to examine (oral and written) their previously commissioned and new surgeon candidates.  Higher standards were set for surgeon and assistant surgeon and by early 1863 most of the men practicing as military surgeons or contract civilian doctors were suitably skilled [...]

Northern and Southern records indicate several hundred women served in the ranks, but they were far outnumbered by the thousands of women who served as domestic laborers providing hospital relief services in urban centers, military camps, and the field.  Far more women served directly in nursing or matron roles during the war than as soldiers.  [...]